The major three - Building a test plan with professional standards

Apparently you can't be president with a whole brain. 
Zaphod Beeblebrox

Sometimes your employer is a company with a well-documented process. Sometimes this is not the case. And if you are reading this, you are probably facing one or both of these problems (or have had a similar experience ealier) :

1. Your manager doesn't understand what process is and what it is for.

2. There is no project documentation available that you can re-use to setup or streamline your test share of whatever you are participating in.

As it is out of scope for this article to fix the whole world, and as it is unlikely that you'll be able to quickly change your manager's point of view (things like that are normally connected with person's life values and are extremely hard to adjust), I suggest we concentrate on #2 as a more realistic option. 

Standards

In brief, the answer is IEEE 829. And you do not have to spend your salary to get access, as Internet contains enough information for you to start with. Also you do not have to follow every single word there, but rather use it as a guideline or a checklist.

What if test certification systems put us in a box to think inside it?

With vertical thinking one uses the negative in order to block of certain pathways. With lateral thinking there is no negative.
Edward de Bono, Lateral Thinking

Sometimes I get those anarchistic ideas that may, if voiced at inappropriate moment, seriously damage your reputation, unless you put them in a nice colored gift package of justification and proof. And though some may see this as creating a Pandora box, at the bottom there is always hope of finding an important clue or even leading yourself out of the dead end.

Today's one is the following. Let's say we limit access to any exams or certification systems for any tester with relevant hands-on experience under 2 or 3 years? The same way they do for MBA or certain levels of trainings for the system administrators? Mind you, not information, or books, or trainings, but certification. Because I strongly believe there is a huge difference between critically reading a book and drilling something in order to check certain boxes in test. 

Even if you are fully conscious about the fact that your own opinion is different. Or (which is worse) if you have no opinion and take things on faith. Testing is an activity of the scientific type, not a religious practice, and we need to be extremely careful with faith and our ability to say what you think. Test practice proves that a good tester needs to be honest and courageous, because sometime this is exactly what makes the difference between true and false.